π² EvergreenΒ·Tree
Ponderosa pine
Pinus ponderosa
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low60β100 ft
π¦ Seeds for birds and squirrels; cavity nesting; larval host
πͺ Widely Availableπ² EvergreenΒ·Tree
Douglas-fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii
π€ FullβPartπ§ LowβMod60β120 ft
π¦ Seeds for birds; cover
πͺ Widely Availableπ DeciduousΒ·Tree
Western larch
Larix occidentalis
βοΈ Full sunπ§π§ Moderate80β150 ft
π¦ Cavity nesting; seeds for birds
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ² EvergreenΒ·Tree
Grand fir
Abies grandis
β
Part shadeπ§π§ Moderate80β140 ft
π¦ Cover; seeds
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ² EvergreenΒ·Small Tree
Rocky Mountain juniper
Juniperus scopulorum
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low15β30 ft
π¦ Berry-cones for many bird species; critical winter cover and roosting
πͺ Widely Availableπ DeciduousΒ·Tree
Black cottonwood
Populus trichocarpa
βοΈ Full sunπ§π§π§ High60β120 ft
Spring
π¦ Cavity nesting; larval host for hundreds of moths and butterflies; beaver; bank stabilization
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Tree
Quaking aspen
Populus tremuloides
βοΈ Full sunπ§π§ ModβHigh20β50 ft
Spring
π¦ Larval host; cavity nesting; browse for deer/elk
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Small Tree
Water birch
Betula occidentalis
π€ FullβPartπ§π§π§ High15β30 ft
Spring
π¦ Seeds for birds; cover; streamside habitat
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Small Tree
Black hawthorn
Crataegus douglasii
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ Moderate10β25 ft
Spring
π¦ Dark berries for many bird species; thorny nesting cover for small birds
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Tree
Oregon white oak
Quercus garryana
βοΈ Full sunπ§ LowβMod30β60 ft
Spring
π¦ Acorns for birds and mammals; supports 500+ insect species; exceptional keystone host
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Small Tree
Netleaf hackberry
Celtis reticulata
βοΈ Full sunπ§ LowβMod15β30 ft
Spring
π¦ Small berries for many bird species; larval host for hackberry emperor butterfly
π Rare / Specialist Sourceπ² EvergreenΒ·Shrub
Big sagebrush
Artemisia tridentata
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low3β8 ft
Late Summer, Fall
π¦ Keystone shrub-steppe species; essential for sage-obligate birds (sage thrasher, sage sparrow); browse for pronghorn and deer; winter cover for many species
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Antelope bitterbrush
Purshia tridentata
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low3β8 ft
Spring
π¦ Critical mule deer and pronghorn browse; pollinators; nitrogen-fixer
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Rubber rabbitbrush
Ericameria nauseosa
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low2β5 ft
Late Summer, Fall
π¦ Critical late-season nectar for migrating monarch butterflies and native bees; seeds for birds
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Green rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β3 ft
Late Summer, Fall
π¦ Late-season pollinators; seeds
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Spiny hopsage
Grayia spinosa
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β3 ft
Spring
π¦ Browse for deer and pronghorn; cover
π Rare / Specialist Sourceπ² EvergreenΒ·Shrub
Winterfat
Krascheninnikovia lanata
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β3 ft
Late Summer
π¦ Excellent winter browse for deer, pronghorn, and bighorn; cover
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Wax currant
Ribes cereum
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low2β5 ft
Spring
π¦ Berries for birds; hummingbirds visit flowers; small wildlife cover
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπ DeciduousΒ·Small Tree
Saskatoon serviceberry
Amelanchier alnifolia
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ Moderate6β15 ft
Spring
π¦ Berries eaten by over 40 bird species; browse for deer; larval host; pollinators
πͺ Widely Availableπ DeciduousΒ·Small Tree
Chokecherry
Prunus virginiana
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ Moderate10β25 ft
Late Spring
π¦ Dark berries for 70+ bird species; larval host for many moths and butterflies including tiger swallowtail
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Lewis' mock orange
Philadelphus lewisii
π€ FullβPartπ§ LowβMod5β10 ft
Late Spring, Summer
π¦ Excellent pollinator plant; cover
πͺ Widely Availableπ DeciduousΒ·Small Tree
Blue elderberry
Sambucus cerulea
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ Moderate8β20 ft
Summer
π¦ Berries eaten by dozens of bird species and mammals; excellent pollinator plant
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Golden currant
Ribes aureum
π€ FullβPartπ§ LowβMod3β8 ft
Spring
π¦ Hummingbirds; pollinators; berries for birds and mammals
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Common snowberry
Symphoricarpos albus
π€ FullβPartπ§ LowβMod2β5 ft
Summer
π¦ White berries persist as winter bird food; larval host for hawkmoths; rhizomatous cover for small wildlife
πͺ Widely Availableπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Woods' rose
Rosa woodsii
π€ FullβPartπ§ LowβMod3β6 ft
Late Spring, Summer
π¦ Hips persist as winter bird food; pollinators; thorny thicket nesting cover
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Nootka rose
Rosa nutkana
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ Moderate3β8 ft
Late Spring
π¦ Large hips for birds; pollinators; dense nesting cover
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Oceanspray
Holodiscus discolor
π€ FullβPartπ§ LowβMod6β15 ft
Summer
π¦ Excellent pollinator plant; seeds for birds; larval host for several butterfly species
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Mallow ninebark
Physocarpus malvaceus
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ Moderate3β8 ft
Late Spring
π¦ Pollinators; cover; peeling bark provides nest material
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Smooth sumac
Rhus glabra
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low4β10 ft
Summer
π¦ Dense red berry clusters persist as winter bird food; larval host for several butterfly species; deer browse
πͺ Widely Availableπ² EvergreenΒ·Shrub
Snowbrush ceanothus
Ceanothus velutinus
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low3β8 ft
Summer
π¦ Nitrogen-fixer; pollinators; browse; seeds persist for birds
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπ² EvergreenΒ·Groundcover
Creeping Oregon grape
Mahonia repens
π€ FullβPartπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Spring
π¦ Blue berries for birds; early pollinator nectar
πͺ Widely Availableπ² EvergreenΒ·Groundcover
Kinnikinnick
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
π€ FullβPartπ§ Low0.3β0.5 ft
Spring
π¦ Red berries for birds and bears; pollinators
πͺ Widely Availableπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Red-osier dogwood
Cornus sericea
π€ FullβPartπ§π§π§ High6β15 ft
Spring, Summer
π¦ White berries for many bird species; larval host; bright red winter stems provide visual cover cues for birds
πͺ Widely Availableπ DeciduousΒ·Shrub
Coyote willow
Salix exigua
βοΈ Full sunπ§π§π§ High6β15 ft
Spring
π¦ Enormous larval host value β hundreds of moth and butterfly species; browse for deer; critical bank stabilization
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Arrowleaf balsamroot
Balsamorhiza sagittata
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β2.5 ft
Spring
π¦ Major early spring pollinator plant; seeds eaten by birds; browse; larval host
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Prairie smoke
Geum triflorum
π€ FullβPartπ§ LowβMod0.5β1.5 ft
Spring
π¦ Early spring pollinators; feathery seed plumes provide nesting material
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Nineleaf biscuitroot
Lomatium triternatum
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β2 ft
Spring
π¦ Critical early-season nectar and pollen for native bees; larval host for anise swallowtail butterfly
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Fernleaf biscuitroot
Lomatium dissectum
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1.5β4 ft
Spring
π¦ Early pollinator nectar; anise swallowtail larval host
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Bitterroot
Lewisia rediviva
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.2β0.4 ft
Spring
π¦ Early spring pollinators
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ² EvergreenΒ·Groundcover
Hood's phlox
Phlox hoodii
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.2β0.4 ft
Spring
π¦ Early spring pollinators including solitary bees
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Showy phlox
Phlox speciosa
π€ FullβPartπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Spring
π¦ Long-tongued butterflies and bumble bees
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Threadleaf phacelia
Phacelia linearis
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Spring
π¦ Excellent early native bee plant; important pollen source
π± Seed OnlyπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Common camas
Camassia quamash
βοΈ Full sunπ§π§ ModβHigh1β2.5 ft
Late Spring
π¦ Major pollinator plant; historically critical First Foods plant for Indigenous peoples of the Columbia Plateau
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Sticky geranium
Geranium viscosissimum
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ Moderate1β2.5 ft
Late Spring, Summer
π¦ Pollinators; seeds eaten by birds
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Blue flax
Linum lewisii
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β2 ft
Late Spring, Summer
π¦ Pollinators; seeds
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Common yarrow
Achillea millefolium
π€ FullβPartπ§ Low1β3 ft
Summer
π¦ Excellent plant for beneficial insects (parasitic wasps, hoverflies); larval host; seeds for birds
πͺ Widely AvailableπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Silky lupine
Lupinus sericeus
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β2.5 ft
Late Spring, Summer
π¦ Nitrogen-fixer; larval host for many blue butterflies; bumble bees; seeds for birds
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Silverleaf lupine
Lupinus argenteus
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β3 ft
Summer
π¦ Nitrogen-fixer; larval host for Boisduval's blue and other butterfly species
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Blanketflower
Gaillardia aristata
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β2 ft
Summer
π¦ Major pollinator plant; seeds for birds; long bloom season
πͺ Widely AvailableπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Oregon sunshine
Eriophyllum lanatum
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.5β2 ft
Late Spring, Summer
π¦ Pollinators; larval host; seeds for birds
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Scarlet gilia
Ipomopsis aggregata
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β3 ft
Summer
π¦ Essential hummingbird plant; hawkmoths; pollinator nectar
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Munro's globemallow
Sphaeralcea munroana
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β2 ft
Summer
π¦ Specialist native bees (Diadasia spp.); pollinators
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Groundcover
Scarlet globemallow
Sphaeralcea coccinea
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.3β1 ft
Late Spring, Summer
π¦ Specialist native bees; pollinators
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Showy milkweed
Asclepias speciosa
βοΈ Full sunπ§ LowβMod2β4 ft
Summer
π¦ Obligate monarch butterfly larval host; major pollinator nectar plant; visited by bumble bees, native bees, butterflies
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Wild bergamot
Monarda fistulosa
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ Moderate2β4 ft
Summer
π¦ Major pollinator plant; hummingbirds; bumble bees; butterflies
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ² EvergreenΒ·Groundcover
Sulphur-flower buckwheat
Eriogonum umbellatum
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Summer
π¦ Major butterfly and pollinator plant; larval host for several hairstreak and copper butterflies; seeds for birds
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Parsnipflower buckwheat
Eriogonum heracleoides
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Summer
π¦ Pollinators; larval host
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπ² EvergreenΒ·Wildflower
Snow buckwheat
Eriogonum niveum
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β2 ft
Late Summer, Fall
π¦ Important late-season nectar for bees and butterflies; larval host
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Sagebrush mariposa lily
Calochortus macrocarpus
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Summer
π¦ Pollinators
π Rare / Specialist SourceπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Nodding onion
Allium cernuum
π€ FullβPartπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Summer
π¦ Pollinators, especially bees
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Silverleaf phacelia
Phacelia hastata
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Late Spring, Summer
π¦ Major native bee plant; excellent pollen source
π± Seed Onlyπ² EvergreenΒ·Groundcover
Shrubby penstemon
Penstemon fruticosus
π€ FullβPartπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Late Spring
π¦ Hummingbirds; bumble bees; long-tongued bees
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Gairdner's penstemon
Penstemon gairdneri
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Late Spring, Summer
π¦ Bees; hummingbirds
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Venus penstemon
Penstemon venustus
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β3 ft
Summer
π¦ Bumble bees; hummingbirds
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Showy fleabane
Erigeron speciosus
π€ FullβPartπ§ LowβMod1β2 ft
Summer
π¦ Pollinators, especially native bees
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Rocky Mountain iris
Iris missouriensis
βοΈ Full sunπ§π§ ModβHigh1β2 ft
Late Spring
π¦ Pollinators
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Douglas' dustymaiden
Chaenactis douglasii
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Summer
π¦ Pollinators
π± Seed OnlyπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Wildflower
Douglas' aster
Symphyotrichum subspicatum
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ Moderate1β3 ft
Late Summer, Fall
π¦ Critical late-season pollinator nectar; supports migrating monarchs and native bees preparing for winter
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Grass / Sedge / Fern
Bluebunch wheatgrass
Pseudoroegneria spicata
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low2β3 ft
Late Spring
π¦ Larval host for many skipper butterflies; seeds for birds and small mammals; critical nesting cover
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπ² EvergreenΒ·Grass / Sedge / Fern
Idaho fescue
Festuca idahoensis
π€ FullβPartπ§ Low1β2 ft
Late Spring
π¦ Seeds for birds; nesting cover; larval host
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Grass / Sedge / Fern
Sandberg bluegrass
Poa secunda
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Spring
π¦ Seeds; early green-up for wildlife
π± Seed OnlyπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Grass / Sedge / Fern
Needle-and-thread grass
Hesperostipa comata
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1.5β3 ft
Late Spring
π¦ Seeds; cover
π± Seed OnlyπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Grass / Sedge / Fern
Basin wildrye
Leymus cinereus
βοΈ Full sunπ§π§ Moderate3β6 ft
Summer
π¦ Cover; nesting; seeds for birds and mammals
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Grass / Sedge / Fern
Prairie Junegrass
Koeleria macrantha
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low1β2 ft
Early Summer
π¦ Seeds; cover
π± Seed OnlyπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Grass / Sedge / Fern
Bottlebrush squirreltail
Elymus elymoides
βοΈ Full sunπ§ Low0.5β1.5 ft
Early Summer
π¦ Seeds; larval host for skippers
π± Seed OnlyπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Grass / Sedge / Fern
Tufted hairgrass
Deschampsia cespitosa
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ ModβHigh2β4 ft
Summer
π¦ Seeds; cover; larval host
πͺ Widely AvailableπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Grass / Sedge / Fern
Nebraska sedge
Carex nebrascensis
π€ FullβPartπ§π§π§ High1β3 ft
π¦ Cover; nesting for marsh birds; bank stabilization
πͺ Conservation Sale / WNPSπ² EvergreenΒ·Grass / Sedge / Fern
Baltic rush
Juncus balticus
βοΈ Full sunπ§π§π§ High1β3 ft
π¦ Cover; nesting
πΏ Native Plant Nurseryπ DeciduousΒ·Wildflower
Western clematis
Clematis ligusticifolia
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ Moderate10β20 ft
Summer
π¦ Pollinators; fluffy seed heads for nesting material; cover
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Groundcover
Wild strawberry
Fragaria virginiana
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ Moderate0.2β0.5 ft
Spring
π¦ Berries for many bird and mammal species; pollinators; larval host for several butterfly species
πΏ Native Plant NurseryπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Grass / Sedge / Fern
Lady fern
Athyrium filix-femina
π Shadeπ§π§π§ High2β4 ft
π¦ Cover for small mammals and amphibians
πͺ Widely AvailableπΏ HerbaceousΒ·Grass / Sedge / Fern
Bracken fern
Pteridium aquilinum
π€ FullβPartπ§π§ Moderate2β5 ft
π¦ Cover; larval host
πΏ Native Plant Nursery